Sociological implications of communal and ethnoreligious. Maitatsine riots in bulumkutu 1982, jimeta 1984, kano 1980. Published reports about salw in nigeria suggest that several social, economic, and political factors have caused a marked increase in gunrelated violence, including ethnoreligious tensions, the. The first major armed conflict that preceded the civil war was the maitatsine uprising in the early 1980s in kano and later in yola in 1984. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. For example, in plateau state, in nigeria s middle belt, there have been many outbreaks of bloody violence between different communities since the. Communal conflicts in nigeria can be divided into two broad categories. The media and conflicts in nigeria felix udo akpan. Nigeria returned to democracy in 1999 when former military head of state olusegun obasanjo was elected as the new president. History shows that religious intolerance was the cause of the riot that took place in kano on may 1, 1953 which began a series of violent attacks against nonmuslims in the country. Pdf communal land conflict and food security in obudu.
Metropolitan kano is both the capital of kano state and, arguably, the informal political and. Managing conflict between farmers and pastoralists in. Irin background report on communal conflicts lagos, 23 june irin a trend of violent communal conflicts spreading through nigeria in recent years has intensified in the past months, leaving hundreds of people dead and thousands displaced. People from both religions are not in state of accepting each other, muslim fanatics consider that nigeria must be a islamic state and the other part consider that it must be christian state. The inspector general of police, igp, ibrahim idris, friday said that communal crisis was responsible for the gruesome murder of over 30 persons in guma and logo local government areas of benue state. The government continued to detain the leader of the imn, the countrys largest shia group, and restrict the activities, free movement, and free association of its members. In september 20, boko haram was suspected of an attack on a college that killed 40 students. The reduction of public bus services and growing urbanisation fuelled the rise of paid carpooling and eventually a change in the taxi. In 1991, the religious crisis in bauchi state reached the breaking. The researcher takes a critical reflection on the history of communal, ethnic and religious crises in nigeria during a three decade period covering 1987 to 2006 and reveals among other things the causes and. Consolidated and zonal reports 9foreword professor oshita o. An examination of ezillo and ezzaezillo conflict of ebonyi state, 19822012 dr.
Communal clash in ovia south local government, edo state. The socioeconomic implication of climatic change, desert. Some cases of religious violence in nigeria, 19992012 no date state s nature remarks 1 1 jul. Religious and ethnic nationalism has led to conflicts about control of state. Some cases of religious violence in nigeria, 19992012 no date states nature remarks 1 1 jul. Proliferation of arms and security challenges in nigeria soetan, stephen olayiwola department of history and international studies, ekiti state university, ado ekiti, nigeria. For example, in plateau state, in nigerias middle belt, there have been many outbreaks of bloody violence between different communities since the.
Causal diagnoses and strategic recommendations table 1. The crisis originated from the killing of a hausa woman. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in over the past number of years in nigeria numbers may be approximate. Many will attest to it that the jos crisis vividly exemplifies or by locus classicus describes a rancorous experience against religious intolerance. Nigeria has had a long and unfortunate history of communal conflicts and ethnoreligious violence. At the state level, given nigerias ethnically diverse popu lation, ethnic contests are easily conceived as intercommunal. Communal land conflict and food security in obudu local government area of cross river state, nigeria article pdf available in advances in anthropology 0304. Oji department of political science, enugu state university, enugu eme, okechukwu innocent, nwoba, hyacinth a. Pdf sociological implications of communal and ethno. Communal and ethnoreligious crises and their implications. Theoretical evidence from nigeria saheed, zakaree s. These include the northwest corridor which runs from benin republic and niger through sokoto, zamfara, borno, and kwara states, terminating in the southwest.
The riot that lasted for four days claimed many lives of. Since then, nigeria has sought to position itself as a powerhouse both on. Asiyanbola phd department of geography and regional planning, faculty of the social sciences, olabisi onabanjo university, agoiwoye, ogun state, nigeria email. In november kano state police fired tear gas and bullets, killing three members of the islamic movement in nigeria imn during its annual ashura procession. Economic management of ethnoreligious crises in nigeria. Herskovits 2009 argues that both crises are violent reactions to the flagrant lack of concern. Oshita, fspsp directorgeneral institute for peace and conflict resolution, abuja since her independence in 1960, nigeria has experienced different types of violent. A systematic analysis of the crisis is informed by my intention to identify the changing dynamics of what constitutes national security over the years and how the nation state of nigeria have been contending with the threat which the niger delta crisis is posing to the so called national security. A key issue in the conflicts in plateau state is the relationship between the state and different sections of the citizenry. May, 1995 kano kano state communal violence triggered off by quarrel between hausa and ibo led to the burning of houses, churches and shops and killing of innocent people. Plateau state of nigeria and has for some years experienced several sectarian, ethnic. The team comprises professionals and consultants from different fields of human endeavour.
Nigeria, especially corruption and ethnoreligious conflicts have been a clog on the. In nigeria, the trade in small arms and light weapons has been on the. The group clawed its way back from a failed uprising in july 2009 against the nigerian government that left more than 1,000 dead, including the groups founder, mohammed yusuf, to reemerge as a full. Lastly, is an analysis of the role the state in ethnic and religious. The anambra state branch of nigeria red cross society nrcs with the support of the government security forces has been assisting the victims of the communal conflict in the area of first aid, evacuation to hospitals in safe areas, psychological support and assessment of the impact of the conflict.
Oshita, fspsp directorgeneral institute for peace and conflict resolution, abuja since her independence in 1960, nigeria. The ongoing boko haram conflict in the northeast, cycles of communal violence between pastoralists and farmers, and separatist protests in the south defined nigerias human rights landscape in 2017. Department of public administration and local government studies university of nigeria, nsukka abstract. Kano kano state communal violence triggered oil by the beheading of a christian who had allegedly desecrated the quoran. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. International refugee law defines a refugee as someone who seeks refuge in a foreign country. Summary from september 7 to, 2001, jos, the capital of plateau state in central nigeria, became the scene of mass. The united states institute of peace is an independent.
Infoguide nigeria is a multiauthor blog in nigeria founded by ifiokobong ibanga. Particular examples include kafanchan crisis1999, junkuns and tiv communal crisis 1998, zangonkataf. Abstract social crisis could be corruption, ethnoreligious, war, genocide, or political, which effects are. The 2011 elections will be a critical moment both for nigeria and plateau state. I department of economics and management sciences faculty of arts and social sciences nigerian defence academy kaduna. Religious bigotry between christians and moslems is one of the key causes of ethnic conflict in nigeria. People continue fleeing communal violence in nigeria the global idp database of the norwegian refugee council has now updated its country profile on internal displacement in nigeria. Causes of nigeria unrest and conflict situation victor osaghae department of public administration edo state institute of technology and management usen p. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Nigeria has had a long and unfortunate history of communal conflicts and ethno religious violence. For example, in plateau state, in nigerias middle belt, there have been many outbreaks of bloody violence between different communities since the return of democracy. The authors 2018 the shared taxi industry in kano, nigeria. D department of sociology, faculty of the social sciences, university of ibadan, nigeria abstract the economic activities in nigeria clearly show that over 60 percent of the population are. Crisis group then reported in december 20 that 200 insurgents, dressed in military uniform, coordinated an attack on state military targets in maiduguri, and later that month, several hundred fighters attacked.
And apart from such intercommunal clashes nigeria remained a far more stable country than many african states. Impact of social crises on economic development american. Nigeria is mainly consist of igbo, yoruba and hausa tribes. An analysis grace malachi brown, phd department of history and diplomatic studies faculty of humanities rivers state university of education pmb 5047, rumuolumeni port harcourt, rivers state nigeria. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. In the interests of peace in jos and its environs, there needs to. Crisis of governance and urban violence in nigeria umes. Port harcourt, sapele and warri in southeastern nigeria. However, the adara development association has claimed an upwards. Benue state coordinator of the national peace summit group npsg ephraim gbaka managing conflict between farmers and pastoralists in benue state, nigeria. Apart from violent community conflicts, the insurgency caused by the boko haram extremist islamic. The groups run a range of projects and programmes to respond to, mitigate and. The police have put the death toll at 16 in an attack by suspected fulani herdsmen in kajuru.
This crisis later spread to kano, yobe and jigawa states. The kano riot of 1953 refers to the riot, which broke out in the ancient city of kano, located in northern nigeria, in may 1953. Proliferation of arms and security challenges in nigeria. Introduction nigeria and nigerians have been caught in the frenzy of centenary celebration. Pdf ethnoreligious crisis in northern nigeria researchgate.
The nature of the riot were clashes between northerners who were opposed to nigeria s independence and southerners made up of mainly the yorubas and the igbos who supported immediate independence for nigeria. Nigerias two major religions, islam and christianity, are sometimes depicted as monolithic entities that confront each other in pitched battles, with formal. Carole rakodi international development department, school of government and society, university of birmingham violent conflict and its aftermath in jos and kano, nigeria. Updated profile of the idp situation in nigeria nigeria. While people are still recovering from the shocks of the boko haram skirmishes, analysts have continued to ask what has been responsible to series of ethnoreligious crisis in nigeria, especially. Sociological implications of communal and ethnoreligious clashes in new democratic nigeria. In response, some in the muslim community pointed out that certain other african member states have smaller proportions of muslims, as well as nigerias. Pdf sociological implications of communal and ethnoreligious. San introduction the choice of this highly important, sensitive and every topical issue as the theme of this year annual lecture by the postgraduate students association of university of ilorin could not have come at a more suspicious time than now, of the democratic dispensation of.
Pdf this paper examined the ethnoreligious and communal clashes that have bedeviled nigeria since the. This article is a discourse on the origins, causes, and consequences of communal and ethnoreligious crises in nigeria. And these tribes also have strong effect on the social life as well. The socioeconomic implication of climatic change, desert encroachment and communal conflicts in northern nigeria dr. Benue massacre caused by communal crisis igp vanguard news.
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